Omega 3 supplementation and NF-kB levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving induction phase chemotherapy
Omega 3 supplementation and NF-kB levels in children with ALL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59747/smjidisurabaya.v1i2.29Keywords:
ALL, chemotherapy, induction phase, NF-kB, omega 3 fatty acidsAbstract
Background: NF-kB plays an important role in tumorigenesis by regulating cellular apoptosis and growth processes. Activated NF-kβ complexes were found in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), because it is the main regulator for lymphocyte proliferation, survival and development. Several evidence showed that omega 3 fatty acid inhibit NF-kB at any type of cancers. But the effects of omega 3 supplementation to the NF-kB level on children with ALL is still limited. Purpose: Analyse omega 3 fatty acids supplementation at NF-kB level on children with ALL receiving induction phase of chemotherapy and the outcomes of chemotherapy. Methods: an open label randomized pre- and post-test control group design clinical study, conducted at October 2014 until March 2015 at inpatient unit of Haematology Oncology ward Dr. Soetomo Distric Hospital Surabaya. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: treatment group receiving omega 3 softgel 1000 mg orally once a day at the first day of the induction phase were conducted until the last day of the induction phase; and control group. NF-kB were measured before (day 0) and after induction phase (day 42) of chemotherapy. NF-kB level were measured using Human NF-kB (Elabscience®) in ng/ml and analysed statistically using paired sample t test and independent sample t-test using SPSS ver 21 (IBM, US). Results: A total of 22 subjects were included in this study, divided into 11 as the treatment group and 11 as the control group. NF-kB level were reduced at both group; 3.10 + 4.308 ng/ml to 0.76 + 0.762 ng/ml at the treatment group and 8.20 + 11.130 ng/ml to 1.748 + SD 3.072 ng/ml. There was no significant difference of NF-kB levels before and after the induction phase after omega 3 supplementation at the treatment group (p=0.065). Conclusion: There is no significant difference of NF-kB level between the subjects receiving omega 3 supplementation and the subjects who did not had omega 3 supplementation, and there is no relationship between NF-kB levels with chemotherapy outcomes.
References
Aggarwal, B. B. (2004) “Nuclear factor-κB: The enemy within,” Cancer Cell, 6(3), pp. 203–208. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.09.003.
Allam-Ndoul, B. et al. (2016) “Effect of n-3 fatty acids on the expression of inflammatory genes in THP-1 macrophages,” Lipids in Health and Disease. Lipids in Health and Disease, 15(1), pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1186/s12944-016-0241-4.
Antillon, F. et al. (2013) “Nutritional Status of Children During Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Guatemala,” Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 60, pp. 911–915. doi: 10.1002/pbc.
Arlt, A. et al. (2003) “Role of NF-κB and Akt/PI3K in the resistance of pancreatic carcinoma cell lines against gemcitabine-induced cell death,” Oncogene, 22(21), pp. 3243–3251. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206390.
Fabian, C. J., Kimler, B. F. and Hursting, S. D. (2015) “Omega-3 fatty acids for breast cancer prevention and survivorship,” Breast Cancer Research. ???, 17(1), pp. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s13058-015-0571-6.
Fahrmann, J. F. (2013) Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Marshall Universtity. Available at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd.
Gilmore, T. D. (1999) “The Rel / NF- kB signal transduction pathway : introduction,” pp. 6842–6844.
Gu, Z. et al. (2013) “Mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in prostate cancer prevention,” BioMed Research International, 2013. doi: 10.1155/2013/824563.
Holleman, A. et al. (2004) “Gene-Expression Patterns in Drug-Resistant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells and Response to Treatment,” The New England Journal of Medicine, 351(6), pp. 533–542.
Hossain, M. J., Xie, L. and McCahan, S. M. (2014) “Characterization of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survival Patterns by Age at Diagnosis,” Journal of Cancer Epidemiology, 2014, p. 865979. doi: 10.1155/2014/865979.
Karin, M. et al. (2002) “NF-κB in cancer: From innocent bystander to major culprit,” Nature Reviews Cancer, 2(4), pp. 301–310. doi: 10.1038/nrc780.
Kim, H. J., Hawke, N. and Baldwin, A. S. (2006) “NF-κB and IKK as therapeutic targets in cancer,” Cell Death and Differentiation, 13(5), pp. 738–747. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401877.
Kordes, U. et al. (2000) “Transcription factor NF-κB is constitutively activated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells,” Leukemia, 14(3), pp. 399–402. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401705.
Lee, J. Y. et al. (2017) “Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Effects of Fish Oil derived Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colon Carcinogenesis,” Clinical Nutrition Research, 6(3), p. 147. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2017.6.3.147.
Li, J. et al. (2008) “Cancer incidence among children and adolescents in the United States, 2001-2003,” Pediatrics, 121(6), pp. 2001–2003. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2964.
Lobato-Mendizábal, E., Ruiz-Argüelles, G. J. and Marín-López, A. (1989) “Leukaemia and nutrition I: Malnutrition is an adverse prognostic factor in the outcome of treatment of patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia,” Leukemia Research, 13(10), pp. 899–906. doi: 10.1016/0145-2126(89)90043-X.
Montagut, C. et al. (2006) “Activation of nuclear factor-κ B is linked to resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients,” Endocrine-Related Cancer, 13(2), pp. 607–616. doi: 10.1677/erc.1.01171.
Musiek, E. S. et al. (2008) “Electrophilic cyclopentenone neuroprostanes are anti-inflammatory mediators formed from the peroxidation of the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(29), pp. 19927–19935. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M803625200.
Narayanan, B. A. et al. (2004) “Effects of a combination of docosahexaenoic acid and 1,4-phenylene bis(methylene) selenocyanate on cyclooxygenase 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and β-catenin pathways in colon cancer cells,” Carcinogenesis, 25(12), pp. 2443–2449. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgh252.
Narayanan, B. A., Narayanan, N. K. and Reddy, B. S. (2001) “Docosahexaenoic acid regulated genes and transcription factors inducing apoptosis in human colon cancer cells.,” International journal of oncology, 19(6), pp. 1255–1262. doi: 10.3892/ijo.19.6.1255.
Nguyen, K. et al. (2008) “Factors influencing survival after relapse from acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Children’s Oncology Group study,” Leukemia, 22(12), pp. 2142–2150. doi: 10.1038/leu.2008.251.
Novak, T. E. et al. (2003) “NF-κB inhibition by ω-3 fatty acids modulates LPS-stimulated macrophage TNF-α-transcription,” American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 284(1 28-1), pp. 84–89. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00077.2002.
Pérez-Figueroa, E. et al. (2016) “Strong inflammatory response and Th1-polarization profile in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia without apparent infection,” Oncology Reports, 35(5), pp. 2699–2706. doi: 10.3892/or.2016.4657.
Pui, C. and Evans, W. E. (2006) “Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,” The New England Journal of Medicine, 354(2), pp. 166–178.
Rogers, P. C. J. (2014) “Nutritional status as a prognostic indicator for pediatric malignancies,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, 32(13), pp. 1293–1294. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.0616.
Schley, P. D. et al. (2005) “Mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acid-induced growth inhibition in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 92(2), pp. 187–195. doi: 10.1007/s10549-005-2415-z.
Serini, S. et al. (2011) “Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the paradox of their health benefits and potential harmful effects,” Chemical Research in Toxicology, 24(12), pp. 2093–2105. doi: 10.1021/tx200314p.
Skarke, C. et al. (2015) “Bioactive products formed in humans from fish oils,” Journal of Lipid Research, 56(9), pp. 1808–1820. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M060392.
Viana, M. B. et al. (1994) “Malnutrition as a prognostic factor in lymphoblastic leukaemia: A multivariate analysis,” Archives of Disease in Childhood, 71(4), pp. 304–310. doi: 10.1136/adc.71.4.304.
Widiaskara, I. et al. (2016) “Luaran Pengobatan Fase Induksi Pasien Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut pada Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Soetomo Surabaya,” Sari Pediatri, 12(2), p. 128. doi: 10.14238/sp12.2.2010.128-34.
Zaid, Z. A. et al. (2012) “Fish oil supplementation is beneficial on caloric intake, appetite and mid upper arm muscle circumference in children with leukaemia,” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 21(4), pp. 502–510.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Mangihut Rumiris Manulang, I Dewa Gde Ugrasena, Mia Ratwita Andarsini, Maria Christina Shanty Larasati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
