The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a comorbid factor on the morbidity rate and length of hospital stay (LoS) in patients undergoing cholecystectomy
T2DM as comorbid factor affecting morbidity and LoS in cholecystectomic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59747/smjidisurabaya.v2i1.49Keywords:
cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, diabetes mellitus, morbidity, length of hospital stayAbstract
Background: Cholecystectomy is a gold standard approach for the treatment of cholelithiasis. The efficacy of this treatment varies considerably, with morbidity and hospital stay depending on the country and hospital. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of diabetes mellitus as a comorbid factor on morbidity rate and length of stay following cholecystectomy at Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya between June 2019 and September 2020. Materials and Methods: This study used a descriptive analytical design with a retrospective approach. The total sampling technique was employed to determine the number of samples required. A total of 201 cases of gallstone disease were observed at Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya between June 2019 and September 2020. However, a sample of 146 cases met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The secondary data were collected from the medical records of the patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 (IBM, US). Results: The contingency coefficient test revealed a correlation between diabetes as a comorbid factor and disease incidence (p = 0.019). In addition, the results suggested a correlation between diabetes as a comorbid factor and length of hospital stay (p = 0.034). Conclusion: The findings indicated that comorbidities such as diabetes were associated with morbidity rate and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing cholecystectomy.
References
Amigo, L., Husche, C., Zanlungo, S., Lütjohann, D., Arrese, M., Miquel, J.F., Rigotti, A., Nervi, F., 2011. Cholecystectomy increases hepatic triglyceride content and very-low-density lipoproteins production in mice. Liver Int. 31, 52–64.
Banday, M.Z., Sameer, A.S., Nissar, S., 2020. Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna J. Med. 10, 174–188.
Bazeer, H.Z., Muscara, F., Ong, L., 2018. Length of stay after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Peterborough city hospital. Int. J. Surg. 55, S41.
Bhandari, M., Wilson, C., Rifkind, K., DiMaggio, C., Ayoung-Chee, P., 2017. Prolonged length of stay in delayed cholecystectomy is not due to intraoperative or postoperative contributors. J. Surg. Res. 219, 253–258.
Burgess, J.L., Wyant, W.A., Abujamra, B.A., Kirsner, R.S., Jozic, I., 2021. Diabetic Wound-Healing Science. Medicina (B. Aires). 57, 1072.
Chavez-Tapia, N.C., Kinney-Novelo, I. Mac, Sifuentes-Rentería, S.E., Torres-Zavala, M., Castro-Gastelum, G., Sánchez-Lara, K., Paulin-Saucedo, C., Uribe, M., Méndez-Sánchez, N., 2012. Association between cholecystectomy for gallstone disease and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Ann. Hepatol. 11, 85–89.
Chen, C.H., Lin, C.L., Hsu, C.Y., Kao, C.H., 2018. Association Between Type I and II Diabetes With Gallbladder Stone Disease. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 9, 1–8.
Chen, Y., Wu, S., Tian, Y., 2018. Cholecystectomy as a risk factor of metabolic syndrome: From epidemiologic clues to biochemical mechanisms. Lab. Investig. 98, 7–14.
Cozma, M.A., Dobrică, E.C., Shah, P., Shellah, D., Găman, M.A., Diaconu, C.C., 2022. Implications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Acute Cholangitis: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Healthc. 10, 5–7.
De Silva, H.M., Howard, T., Bird, D., Hodgson, R., 2022. Outcomes following common bile duct exploration versus endoscopic stone extraction before, during and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with common bile duct stones. Hpb 24, 2125–2133.
Eckert, A.J., Fritsche, A., Icks, A., Siegel, E., Mueller-Stierlin, A.S., Karges, W., Rosenbauer, J., Auzanneau, M., Holl, R.W., 2023. Common procedures and conditions leading to inpatient hospital admissions in adults with and without diabetes from 2015 to 2019 in Germany: A comparison of frequency, length of hospital stay and complications. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 135, 325–335.
Elsamna, S., Elkattawy, O., Merchant, A.M., 2020. Association of metabolic syndrome with morbidity and mortality in emergency general surgery. Am. J. Surg. 220, 448–453.
Erum, U., Lakhani, M., Kazim, E., Naeem, B.K., Baig, M.A., Shahab, H., 2023. Factors Leading to Prolonged Hospital Stay in Patients Undegoing Laproscopic Cholecystectomy at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi. Pakistan J. Med. Heal. Sci. 17, 340–343.
Fagenson, A.M., Powers, B.D., Zorbas, K.A., Karhadkar, S., Karachristos, A., Di Carlo, A., Lau, K.N., 2021. Frailty Predicts Morbidity and Mortality After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: An ACS-NSQIP Cohort Analysis. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 25, 932–940.
Gutt, C., Schläfer, S., Lammert, F., 2020. The treatment of gallstone disease. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 117, 148–158.
Hahn, R.G., Gebäck, T., 2014. Fluid volume kinetics of dilutional hyponatremia; a shock syndrome revisited. Clinics 69, 120–127.
Kanakala, V., Borowski, D.W., Pellen, M.G.C., Dronamraju, S.S., Woodcock, S.A.A., Seymour, K., Attwood, S.E.A., Horgan, L.F., 2011. Risk factors in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A multivariate analysis. Int. J. Surg. 9, 318–323.
Ko-Iam, W., Sandhu, T., Paiboonworachat, S., Pongchairerks, P., Chotirosniramit, A., Chotirosniramit, N., Chandacham, K., Jirapongcharoenlap, T., Junrungsee, S., 2017. Predictive Factors for a Long Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Int. J. Hepatol. 2017, 5497936.
Kulkarni, M., Dongre, P., 2023. Determining Efficacy of Inpatient Care for Select Surgeries at a Large Tertiary Care Hospital With Average Length of Stay as a Measure. Hosp. Top. 101, 48–53.
Łącka, M., Obłój, P., Spychalski, P., Łaski, D., Rostkowska, O., Wieszczy, P., Kobiela, J., 2020. Clinical presentation and outcomes of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in patients with diabetes - A matched pair analysis. A pilot study. Adv. Med. Sci. 65, 409–414.
Lee, B.J.H., Yap, Q.V., Low, J.K., Chan, Y.H., Shelat, V.G., 2022. Cholecystectomy for asymptomatic gallstones: Markov decision tree analysis. World J. Clin. Cases 10, 10399–10412.
Lequertier, V., Wang, T., Fondrevelle, J., Augusto, V., Duclos, A., 2021. Hospital Length of Stay Prediction Methods: A Systematic Review. Med. Care 59, 929–938.
Liu, C.M., Chung, C.L., Hsu, C. Te, Song, M.Z., Chen, C.C., Li, C.Y., 2015. Impact of diabetes mellitus on cholecystectomy rate: A population-based follow-up study. Formos. J. Surg. 48, 157–162.
Mohammadyari, F., Biabani, M., Faaliat, S., Ahmadi, A., Jabraeili-siahroud, S., Tarighat, F., 2023. Diabetes and Cholecystectomy : Is There a Relation ? J. Clin. Surg. Res. 4, 0–8.
Pagliarulo, M., Fornari, F., Fraquelli, M., Zoli, M., Giangregorio, F., Grigolon, A., Peracchi, M., Conte, D., 2004. Gallstone disease and related risk factors in a large cohort of diabetic patients. Dig. Liver Dis. 36, 130–134.
Ratheesh, R., Ulrich, M.T., Ghozy, S., Al-Jaboori, M., Nayak, S.S., 2023. The association between diabetes and gallstones: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Prz. Gastroenterol. 18, 292–299.
Sahbaz, N.A., Peker, K.D., Kabuli, H.A., Gumusoglu, A.Y., Alis, H., 2017. Single center experience in laparoscopic treatment of gallbladder perforation. Wideochirurgia I Inne Tech. Maloinwazyjne 12, 372–377.
Saito, R., Abe, T., Hanada, K., Minami, T., Fujikuni, N., Kobayashi, T., Amano, H., Ohdan, H., Noriyuki, T., Nakahara, M., 2017. Impact of comorbidities on the postoperative outcomes of acute cholecystitis following early cholecystectomy. Surg. Today 47, 1230–1237.
Sandblom, G., Videhult, P., Crona Guterstam, Y., Svenner, A., Sadr-Azodi, O., 2015. Mortality after a cholecystectomy: A population-based study. Hpb 17, 239–243.
Scala, A., Trufino, T.A., Borrelli, A., Ferrucci, G., Triassi, M., Improta, G., 2021. Modelling the hospital length of stay for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy through a multiple regression model. In: 5th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics.
Serban, D., Socea, B., Balasescu, S.A., Badiu, C.D., Tudor, C., Dascalu, A.M., Vancea, G., Spataru, R.I., Sabau, A.D., Sabau, D., Tanasescu, C., 2021. Safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in the elderly: A multivariate analysis of risk factors for intra and postoperative complications. Med. 57, 1–16.
Street, A., Maynou, L., Gilbert, T., Stone, T., Mason, S., Conroy, S., 2021. The use of linked routine data to optimise calculation of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score on the basis of previous hospital admissions: a retrospective observational cohort study. Lancet Heal. Longev. 2, e154–e162.
Syrén, E.L., Enochsson, L., Eriksson, S., Eklund, A., Isaksson, B., Sandblom, G., 2021. Cardiovascular complications after common bile duct stone extractions. Surg. Endosc. 35, 3296–3302.
Teng, Y.H., Liu, F.C., Liu, K.H., Lin, J.R., Yu, H.P., 2021. Incidence, Patient-Related Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Postoperative Pneumonia after Cholecystectomy: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Biomed Res. Int. 2021.
Tomic, D., Shaw, J.E., Magliano, D.J., 2022. The burden and risks of emerging complications of diabetes mellitus. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 18, 525–539.
Wan, R., Weissman, J.P., Grundman, K., Lang, L., Grybowski, D.J., Galiano, R.D., 2021. Diabetic wound healing: The impact of diabetes on myofibroblast activity and its potential therapeutic treatments. Wound Repair Regen. 29, 573–581.
Wong, G.Y.M., Wadhawan, H., Roth Cardoso, V., Bravo Merodio, L., Rajeev, Y., Maldonado, R.D., Martinino, A., Balasubaramaniam, V., Ashraf, A., Siddiqui, A., Al-Shkirat, A.G., Mohammed Abu-Elfatth, A., Gupta, A., Alkaseek, A., Ouyahia, A., Said, A., Pandey, A., Kumar, A., Maqbool, B., Millán, C.A., Singh, C., Pantoja Pachajoa, D.A., Adamovich, D.M., Petracchi, E., Ashraf, F., Clementi, M., Mulita, F., Marom, G.A., Abdulaal, G., Verras, G.-I., Calini, G., Moretto, G., Elfeki, H., Liang, H., Jalaawiy, H., Elzayat, I., Das, J.K., Aceves-Ayala, J.M., Ahmed, K.T., Degrate, L., Aggarwal, M., Omar, M.A., Rais, M., Elhadi, M., Sakran, N., Bhojwani, R., Agarwalla, R., Kanaan, S., Erdene, S., Chooklin, S., Khuroo, S., Dawani, S., Asghar, S.T., Fung, T.K.J., Omarov, T., Grigorean, V.T., Boras, Z., V. Gkoutos, G., Singhal, R., Mahawar, K., 2024. 30-day Morbidity and Mortality after Cholecystectomy for Benign Gallbladder Disease (AMBROSE). Ann. Surg
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Albertus Magnus Arya Abisatya, Wahyu Prasasti Mutiadesi, Diah Purwaningsari, Redemptus Yudadi, Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
